Eric Huss da3ca05677 Add a global cache garbage collector.
This adds a garbage collector which will remove old files from cargo's
global cache.

A general overview of the changes here:

- `cargo::core::global_cache_tracker` contains the `GlobalCacheTracker`
  which handles the interface to a sqlite database which stores
  timestamps of the last time a file was used.
- `DeferredGlobalLastUse` is a type that implements an optimization for
  collecting last-use timestamps so that they can be flushed to disk all
  at once.
- `cargo::core::gc` contains the `Gc` type which is the interface for
  performing garbage collection. It coordinates with the
  `GlobalCacheTracker` for determining what to delete.
- Garbage collection can either be automatic or manual. The automatic
  garbage collection supports some config options for defining when
  it runs and how much it deletes.
- Manual garbage collection can be performed via options to `cargo
  clean`.
- `cargo clean` uses the new package cache locking system to coordinate
  access to the package cache to prevent interference with other cargo
  commands running concurrently.
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