chrono/src/format/scan.rs

// This is a part of Chrono.
// See README.md and LICENSE.txt for details.

/*!
 * Various scanning routines for the parser.
 */

use super::{ParseResult, INVALID, OUT_OF_RANGE, TOO_SHORT};
use crate::Weekday;

/// Tries to parse the non-negative number from `min` to `max` digits.
///
/// The absence of digits at all is an unconditional error.
/// More than `max` digits are consumed up to the first `max` digits.
/// Any number that does not fit in `i64` is an error.
#[inline]
pub(super) fn number(s: &str, min: usize, max: usize) -> ParseResult<(&str, i64)> {
    assert!(min <= max);

    // We are only interested in ascii numbers, so we can work with the `str` as bytes. We stop on
    // the first non-numeric byte, which may be another ascii character or beginning of multi-byte
    // UTF-8 character.
    let bytes = s.as_bytes();
    if bytes.len() < min {
        return Err(TOO_SHORT);
    }

    let mut n = 0i64;
    for (i, c) in bytes.iter().take(max).cloned().enumerate() {
        // cloned() = copied()
        if !c.is_ascii_digit() {
            if i < min {
                return Err(INVALID);
            } else {
                return Ok((&s[i..], n));
            }
        }

        n = match n.checked_mul(10).and_then(|n| n.checked_add((c - b'0') as i64)) {
            Some(n) => n,
            None => return Err(OUT_OF_RANGE),
        };
    }

    Ok((&s[core::cmp::min(max, bytes.len())..], n))
}

/// Tries to consume at least one digits as a fractional second.
/// Returns the number of whole nanoseconds (0--999,999,999).
pub(super) fn nanosecond(s: &str) -> ParseResult<(&str, i64)> {
    // record the number of digits consumed for later scaling.
    let origlen = s.len();
    let (s, v) = number(s, 1, 9)?;
    let consumed = origlen - s.len();

    // scale the number accordingly.
    static SCALE: [i64; 10] =
        [0, 100_000_000, 10_000_000, 1_000_000, 100_000, 10_000, 1_000, 100, 10, 1];
    let v = v.checked_mul(SCALE[consumed]).ok_or(OUT_OF_RANGE)?;

    // if there are more than 9 digits, skip next digits.
    let s = s.trim_start_matches(|c: char| c.is_ascii_digit());

    Ok((s, v))
}

/// Tries to consume a fixed number of digits as a fractional second.
/// Returns the number of whole nanoseconds (0--999,999,999).
pub(super) fn nanosecond_fixed(s: &str, digits: usize) -> ParseResult<(&str, i64)> {
    // record the number of digits consumed for later scaling.
    let (s, v) = number(s, digits, digits)?;

    // scale the number accordingly.
    static SCALE: [i64; 10] =
        [0, 100_000_000, 10_000_000, 1_000_000, 100_000, 10_000, 1_000, 100, 10, 1];
    let v = v.checked_mul(SCALE[digits]).ok_or(OUT_OF_RANGE)?;

    Ok((s, v))
}

/// Tries to parse the month index (0 through 11) with the first three ASCII letters.
pub(super) fn short_month0(s: &str) -> ParseResult<(&str, u8)> {
    if s.len() < 3 {
        return Err(TOO_SHORT);
    }
    let buf = s.as_bytes();
    let month0 = match (buf[0] | 32, buf[1] | 32, buf[2] | 32) {
        (b'j', b'a', b'n') => 0,
        (b'f', b'e', b'b') => 1,
        (b'm', b'a', b'r') => 2,
        (b'a', b'p', b'r') => 3,
        (b'm', b'a', b'y') => 4,
        (b'j', b'u', b'n') => 5,
        (b'j', b'u', b'l') => 6,
        (b'a', b'u', b'g') => 7,
        (b's', b'e', b'p') => 8,
        (b'o', b'c', b't') => 9,
        (b'n', b'o', b'v') => 10,
        (b'd', b'e', b'c') => 11,
        _ => return Err(INVALID),
    };
    Ok((&s[3..], month0))
}

/// Tries to parse the weekday with the first three ASCII letters.
pub(super) fn short_weekday(s: &str) -> ParseResult<(&str, Weekday)> {
    if s.len() < 3 {
        return Err(TOO_SHORT);
    }
    let buf = s.as_bytes();
    let weekday = match (buf[0] | 32, buf[1] | 32, buf[2] | 32) {
        (b'm', b'o', b'n') => Weekday::Mon,
        (b't', b'u', b'e') => Weekday::Tue,
        (b'w', b'e', b'd') => Weekday::Wed,
        (b't', b'h', b'u') => Weekday::Thu,
        (b'f', b'r', b'i') => Weekday::Fri,
        (b's', b'a', b't') => Weekday::Sat,
        (b's', b'u', b'n') => Weekday::Sun,
        _ => return Err(INVALID),
    };
    Ok((&s[3..], weekday))
}

/// Tries to parse the month index (0 through 11) with short or long month names.
/// It prefers long month names to short month names when both are possible.
pub(super) fn short_or_long_month0(s: &str) -> ParseResult<(&str, u8)> {
    // lowercased month names, minus first three chars
    static LONG_MONTH_SUFFIXES: [&[u8]; 12] = [
        b"uary", b"ruary", b"ch", b"il", b"", b"e", b"y", b"ust", b"tember", b"ober", b"ember",
        b"ember",
    ];

    let (mut s, month0) = short_month0(s)?;

    // tries to consume the suffix if possible
    let suffix = LONG_MONTH_SUFFIXES[month0 as usize];
    if s.len() >= suffix.len() && s.as_bytes()[..suffix.len()].eq_ignore_ascii_case(suffix) {
        s = &s[suffix.len()..];
    }

    Ok((s, month0))
}

/// Tries to parse the weekday with short or long weekday names.
/// It prefers long weekday names to short weekday names when both are possible.
pub(super) fn short_or_long_weekday(s: &str) -> ParseResult<(&str, Weekday)> {
    // lowercased weekday names, minus first three chars
    static LONG_WEEKDAY_SUFFIXES: [&[u8]; 7] =
        [b"day", b"sday", b"nesday", b"rsday", b"day", b"urday", b"day"];

    let (mut s, weekday) = short_weekday(s)?;

    // tries to consume the suffix if possible
    let suffix = LONG_WEEKDAY_SUFFIXES[weekday.num_days_from_monday() as usize];
    if s.len() >= suffix.len() && s.as_bytes()[..suffix.len()].eq_ignore_ascii_case(suffix) {
        s = &s[suffix.len()..];
    }

    Ok((s, weekday))
}

/// Tries to consume exactly one given character.
pub(super) fn char(s: &str, c1: u8) -> ParseResult<&str> {
    match s.as_bytes().first() {
        Some(&c) if c == c1 => Ok(&s[1..]),
        Some(_) => Err(INVALID),
        None => Err(TOO_SHORT),
    }
}

/// Tries to consume one or more whitespace.
pub(super) fn space(s: &str) -> ParseResult<&str> {
    let s_ = s.trim_start();
    if s_.len() < s.len() {
        Ok(s_)
    } else if s.is_empty() {
        Err(TOO_SHORT)
    } else {
        Err(INVALID)
    }
}

/// Consumes any number (including zero) of colon or spaces.
pub(crate) fn colon_or_space(s: &str) -> ParseResult<&str> {
    Ok(s.trim_start_matches(|c: char| c == ':' || c.is_whitespace()))
}

/// Parse a timezone from `s` and return the offset in seconds.
///
/// The `consume_colon` function is used to parse a mandatory or optional `:`
/// separator between hours offset and minutes offset.
///
/// The `allow_missing_minutes` flag allows the timezone minutes offset to be
/// missing from `s`.
///
/// The `allow_tz_minus_sign` flag allows the timezone offset negative character
/// to also be `−` MINUS SIGN (U+2212) in addition to the typical
/// ASCII-compatible `-` HYPHEN-MINUS (U+2D).
/// This is part of [RFC 3339 & ISO 8601].
///
/// [RFC 3339 & ISO 8601]: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ISO_8601&oldid=1114309368#Time_offsets_from_UTC
pub(crate) fn timezone_offset<F>(
    mut s: &str,
    mut consume_colon: F,
    allow_missing_minutes: bool,
    allow_tz_minus_sign: bool,
) -> ParseResult<(&str, i32)>
where
    F: FnMut(&str) -> ParseResult<&str>,
{
    const fn digits(s: &str) -> ParseResult<(u8, u8)> {
        let b = s.as_bytes();
        if b.len() < 2 {
            Err(TOO_SHORT)
        } else {
            Ok((b[0], b[1]))
        }
    }
    let negative = match s.chars().next() {
        Some('+') => {
            // PLUS SIGN (U+2B)
            s = &s['+'.len_utf8()..];

            false
        }
        Some('-') => {
            // HYPHEN-MINUS (U+2D)
            s = &s['-'.len_utf8()..];

            true
        }
        Some('−') => {
            // MINUS SIGN (U+2212)
            if !allow_tz_minus_sign {
                return Err(INVALID);
            }
            s = &s['−'.len_utf8()..];

            true
        }
        Some(_) => return Err(INVALID),
        None => return Err(TOO_SHORT),
    };

    // hours (00--99)
    let hours = match digits(s)? {
        (h1 @ b'0'..=b'9', h2 @ b'0'..=b'9') => i32::from((h1 - b'0') * 10 + (h2 - b'0')),
        _ => return Err(INVALID),
    };
    s = &s[2..];

    // colons (and possibly other separators)
    s = consume_colon(s)?;

    // minutes (00--59)
    // if the next two items are digits then we have to add minutes
    let minutes = if let Ok(ds) = digits(s) {
        match ds {
            (m1 @ b'0'..=b'5', m2 @ b'0'..=b'9') => i32::from((m1 - b'0') * 10 + (m2 - b'0')),
            (b'6'..=b'9', b'0'..=b'9') => return Err(OUT_OF_RANGE),
            _ => return Err(INVALID),
        }
    } else if allow_missing_minutes {
        0
    } else {
        return Err(TOO_SHORT);
    };
    s = match s.len() {
        len if len >= 2 => &s[2..],
        len if len == 0 => s,
        _ => return Err(TOO_SHORT),
    };

    let seconds = hours * 3600 + minutes * 60;
    Ok((s, if negative { -seconds } else { seconds }))
}

/// Same as `timezone_offset` but also allows for `z`/`Z` which is the same as `+00:00`.
pub(super) fn timezone_offset_zulu<F>(s: &str, colon: F) -> ParseResult<(&str, i32)>
where
    F: FnMut(&str) -> ParseResult<&str>,
{
    let bytes = s.as_bytes();
    match bytes.first() {
        Some(&b'z') | Some(&b'Z') => Ok((&s[1..], 0)),
        Some(&b'u') | Some(&b'U') => {
            if bytes.len() >= 3 {
                let (b, c) = (bytes[1], bytes[2]);
                match (b | 32, c | 32) {
                    (b't', b'c') => Ok((&s[3..], 0)),
                    _ => Err(INVALID),
                }
            } else {
                Err(INVALID)
            }
        }
        _ => timezone_offset(s, colon, false, true),
    }
}

/// Same as `timezone_offset` but also allows for `z`/`Z` which is the same as
/// `+00:00`, and allows missing minutes entirely.
pub(super) fn timezone_offset_permissive<F>(s: &str, colon: F) -> ParseResult<(&str, i32)>
where
    F: FnMut(&str) -> ParseResult<&str>,
{
    match s.as_bytes().first() {
        Some(&b'z') | Some(&b'Z') => Ok((&s[1..], 0)),
        _ => timezone_offset(s, colon, true, true),
    }
}

/// Same as `timezone_offset` but also allows for RFC 2822 legacy timezones.
/// May return `None` which indicates an insufficient offset data (i.e. `-0000`).
/// See [RFC 2822 Section 4.3].
///
/// [RFC 2822 Section 4.3]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822#section-4.3
pub(super) fn timezone_offset_2822(s: &str) -> ParseResult<(&str, Option<i32>)> {
    // tries to parse legacy time zone names
    let upto = s.as_bytes().iter().position(|&c| !c.is_ascii_alphabetic()).unwrap_or(s.len());
    if upto > 0 {
        let name = &s.as_bytes()[..upto];
        let s = &s[upto..];
        let offset_hours = |o| Ok((s, Some(o * 3600)));
        if name.eq_ignore_ascii_case(b"gmt") || name.eq_ignore_ascii_case(b"ut") {
            offset_hours(0)
        } else if name.eq_ignore_ascii_case(b"edt") {
            offset_hours(-4)
        } else if name.eq_ignore_ascii_case(b"est") || name.eq_ignore_ascii_case(b"cdt") {
            offset_hours(-5)
        } else if name.eq_ignore_ascii_case(b"cst") || name.eq_ignore_ascii_case(b"mdt") {
            offset_hours(-6)
        } else if name.eq_ignore_ascii_case(b"mst") || name.eq_ignore_ascii_case(b"pdt") {
            offset_hours(-7)
        } else if name.eq_ignore_ascii_case(b"pst") {
            offset_hours(-8)
        } else if name.len() == 1 {
            match name[0] {
                // recommended by RFC 2822: consume but treat it as -0000
                b'a'..=b'i' | b'k'..=b'z' | b'A'..=b'I' | b'K'..=b'Z' => offset_hours(0),
                _ => Ok((s, None)),
            }
        } else {
            Ok((s, None))
        }
    } else {
        let (s_, offset) = timezone_offset(s, |s| Ok(s), false, false)?;
        Ok((s_, Some(offset)))
    }
}

/// Tries to consume an RFC2822 comment including preceding ` `.
///
/// Returns the remaining string after the closing parenthesis.
pub(super) fn comment_2822(s: &str) -> ParseResult<(&str, ())> {
    use CommentState::*;

    let s = s.trim_start();

    let mut state = Start;
    for (i, c) in s.bytes().enumerate() {
        state = match (state, c) {
            (Start, b'(') => Next(1),
            (Next(1), b')') => return Ok((&s[i + 1..], ())),
            (Next(depth), b'\\') => Escape(depth),
            (Next(depth), b'(') => Next(depth + 1),
            (Next(depth), b')') => Next(depth - 1),
            (Next(depth), _) | (Escape(depth), _) => Next(depth),
            _ => return Err(INVALID),
        };
    }

    Err(TOO_SHORT)
}

enum CommentState {
    Start,
    Next(usize),
    Escape(usize),
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::comment_2822;
    use crate::format::{INVALID, TOO_SHORT};

    #[test]
    fn test_rfc2822_comments() {
        let testdata = [
            ("", Err(TOO_SHORT)),
            (" ", Err(TOO_SHORT)),
            ("x", Err(INVALID)),
            ("(", Err(TOO_SHORT)),
            ("()", Ok("")),
            (" \r\n\t()", Ok("")),
            ("() ", Ok(" ")),
            ("()z", Ok("z")),
            ("(x)", Ok("")),
            ("(())", Ok("")),
            ("((()))", Ok("")),
            ("(x(x(x)x)x)", Ok("")),
            ("( x ( x ( x ) x ) x )", Ok("")),
            (r"(\)", Err(TOO_SHORT)),
            (r"(\()", Ok("")),
            (r"(\))", Ok("")),
            (r"(\\)", Ok("")),
            ("(()())", Ok("")),
            ("( x ( x ) x ( x ) x )", Ok("")),
        ];

        for (test_in, expected) in testdata.iter() {
            let actual = comment_2822(test_in).map(|(s, _)| s);
            assert_eq!(
                *expected, actual,
                "{:?} expected to produce {:?}, but produced {:?}.",
                test_in, expected, actual
            );
        }
    }
}