compiler: Adopt rust-analyzer impls for `LayoutCalculatorError`
We're about to massively churn the internals of `rustc_abi`. To minimize the immediate and future impact on rust-analyzer, as a subtree that depends on this crate, grow some API on `LayoutCalculatorError` that reflects their uses of it. This way we can nest the type in theirs, and they can just call functions on it without having to inspect and flatten-out its innards.
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