Add `overflow_checks` intrinsic
This adds an intrinsic which allows code in a pre-built library to inherit the overflow checks option from a crate depending on it. This enables code in the standard library to explicitly change behavior based on whether `overflow_checks` are enabled, regardless of the setting used when standard library was compiled.
This is very similar to the `ub_checks` intrinsic, and refactors the two to use a common mechanism.
The primary use case for this is to allow the new `RangeFrom` iterator to yield the maximum element before overflowing, as requested [here](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/125687#issuecomment-2151118208). This PR includes a working `IterRangeFrom` implementation based on this new intrinsic that exhibits the desired behavior.
[Prior discussion on Zulip](https://rust-lang.zulipchat.com/#narrow/stream/219381-t-libs/topic/Ability.20to.20select.20code.20based.20on.20.60overflow_checks.60.3F)
We no longer need two thread-local variables to store the context.
We used to have two because the conversion logic used to live in a
separate crate from the rest of the business logic.
I'm also removing the Container struct and replacing the
CompilerInterface trait with a struct. This removes the unnecessary
indirection and code duplication. Using a trait would also block us
from adding any generic method to the compiler interface.
Clean up `ty::Dynamic`
1. As a follow-up to PR rust-lang/rust#143036, remove `DynKind` entirely.
2. Inside HIR ty lowering, consolidate modules `dyn_compatibility` and `lint` into `dyn_trait`
* `dyn_compatibility` wasn't about dyn compatibility itself, it's about lowering trait object types
* `lint` contained dyn-Trait-specific diagnostics+lints only
Use $crate in macros for rustc_public (aka stable_mir)
This makes `#[macro_use] extern crate rustc_public` unnecessary (which brings all of `rustc_public`'s macros into scope for the entire crate); instead, now you can simply use `rustc_public::run!()`.
