Attribute rework: a parser for single attributes without arguments
Part of rust-lang/rust#131229
r? `@jdonszelmann`
I think code (with comments) speaks for itself.
The only subtlety: now `#[cold]`, `#[no_mangle]`, & `#[track_caller]` do not get thrown away when malformed (i.e. have arguments). This doesn't matter too much (I think), because an error gets emitted either way, so the compilation will not finish.
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