Add extra debug assertions for equality for Adt/Variant/FieldDef
Would've made it easier to both catch and test https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/111494. Maybe not worth it, since it does mean that the compiler is doing extra work when debug-assertions are enabled, but also that's what debug assertions are for :^)
This is a revival of #111523 because I think I pushed an empty branch and bors got a bit too excited it closed the PR.