diff --git a/sqlx-core/src/sqlite/connection/collation.rs b/sqlx-core/src/sqlite/connection/collation.rs
index 8bbf6f5d..8c583525 100644
--- a/sqlx-core/src/sqlite/connection/collation.rs
+++ b/sqlx-core/src/sqlite/connection/collation.rs
@@ -69,6 +69,8 @@ where
     if r == SQLITE_OK {
         Ok(())
     } else {
+        // The xDestroy callback is not called if the sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.
+        drop(unsafe { Box::from_raw(boxed_f) });
         Err(Error::Database(Box::new(SqliteError::new(handle.as_ptr()))))
     }
 }