Fix CI after Rust 1.80, remove dead feature references (#3381)

* fix(ci): update workflows/examples.yml

* Removed archived `actions-rs` actions
* Upgraded `Swatinem/rust-cache`, `actions/checkout`, `actions/download-artifact`, `actions/upload-artifact`

* chore: deprecate `AnyKind`

* fix: remove dead references to DB features in `sqlx-core`

This reactivates a couple of tests that had stopped working.

* chore(ci): move sqlx-cli checks to their own workflow

* fix(ci): remove remaining `uses: actions-rs/cargo`

* fix warnings

* chore: add titles to sqlx-cli jobs

* fix warnings (2)

* fix error in pool example

* fix warnings (3)

* fix query_builder test

* fix: don't run CLI tests on Windows

* chore: upgrade `rust-toolchain` to 1.80

* fix(postgres): fix missing Tokio specialization in `PgCopyIn`

Caught by the new `unexpected_cfgs` lint.

* fix new warnings

.github/workflows/sqlx-cli.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+name: SQLx CLI
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+      - "*-dev"
+
+jobs:
+  check:
+    name: Check
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - run: |
+          rustup update
+          rustup component add clippy
+          rustup toolchain install beta
+          rustup component add --toolchain beta clippy
+
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+
+      - run: cargo clippy --manifest-path sqlx-cli/Cargo.toml -- -D warnings
+
+      # Run beta for new warnings but don't break the build.
+      # Use a subdirectory of `target` to avoid clobbering the cache.
+      - run: >
+          cargo +beta clippy
+          --manifest-path sqlx-cli/Cargo.toml
+          --target-dir target/beta/
+
+  test:
+    name: Test
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        # Note: macOS-latest uses M1 Silicon (ARM64)
+        os:
+         - ubuntu-latest
+         # FIXME: migrations tests fail on Windows for whatever reason
+         # - windows-latest
+         - macOS-13
+         - macOS-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+        with:
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-test
+
+      - run: cargo test --manifest-path sqlx-cli/Cargo.toml
+
+  build:
+    name: Build
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        # Note: macOS-latest uses M1 Silicon (ARM64)
+        os:
+          - ubuntu-latest
+          - windows-latest
+          - macOS-13
+          - macOS-latest
+        include:
+          - os: ubuntu-latest
+            target: x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
+            args: --features openssl-vendored
+            bin: target/debug/cargo-sqlx
+          - os: windows-latest
+            target: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
+            bin: target/debug/cargo-sqlx.exe
+          - os: macOS-13
+            target: x86_64-apple-darwin
+            bin: target/debug/cargo-sqlx
+          - os: macOS-latest
+            target: aarch64-apple-darwin
+            bin: target/debug/cargo-sqlx
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Use latest Rust
+        run: rustup override set stable
+
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+        with:
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-cli
+
+      - run: cargo build --manifest-path sqlx-cli/Cargo.toml --bin cargo-sqlx ${{ matrix.args }}
+
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: cargo-sqlx-${{ matrix.target }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.bin }}