diff --git a/sqlx-postgres/src/types/chrono/date.rs b/sqlx-postgres/src/types/chrono/date.rs
index 475f41f4..5fc0a8f0 100644
--- a/sqlx-postgres/src/types/chrono/date.rs
+++ b/sqlx-postgres/src/types/chrono/date.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,11 @@ impl PgHasArrayType for NaiveDate {
 impl Encode<'_, Postgres> for NaiveDate {
     fn encode_by_ref(&self, buf: &mut PgArgumentBuffer) -> Result<IsNull, BoxDynError> {
         // DATE is encoded as the days since epoch
-        let days = (*self - postgres_epoch_date()).num_days() as i32;
+        let days: i32 = (*self - postgres_epoch_date())
+            .num_days()
+            .try_into()
+            .map_err(|_| format!("value {self:?} would overflow binary encoding for Postgres DATE"))?;
+
         Encode::<Postgres>::encode(days, buf)
     }