rt: export metrics about the blocking thread pool (#5161)

Publish the blocking thread pool metrics as thread-safe values, written
under the blocking thread pool's lock and able to be read in a lock-free
fashion by any reader.

Fixes #5156

tokio/src/runtime/blocking/pool.rs

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use crate::runtime::{Builder, Callback, Handle};
 use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};
 use std::fmt;
 use std::io;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 pub(crate) struct BlockingPool {
@@ -23,6 +24,53 @@ pub(crate) struct Spawner {
     inner: Arc<Inner>,
 }
 
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub(crate) struct SpawnerMetrics {
+    num_threads: AtomicUsize,
+    num_idle_threads: AtomicUsize,
+    queue_depth: AtomicUsize,
+}
+
+impl SpawnerMetrics {
+    fn num_threads(&self) -> usize {
+        self.num_threads.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+
+    fn num_idle_threads(&self) -> usize {
+        self.num_idle_threads.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+
+    cfg_metrics! {
+        fn queue_depth(&self) -> usize {
+            self.queue_depth.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn inc_num_threads(&self) {
+        self.num_threads.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    }
+
+    fn dec_num_threads(&self) {
+        self.num_threads.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    }
+
+    fn inc_num_idle_threads(&self) {
+        self.num_idle_threads.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    }
+
+    fn dec_num_idle_threads(&self) -> usize {
+        self.num_idle_threads.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+
+    fn inc_queue_depth(&self) {
+        self.queue_depth.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    }
+
+    fn dec_queue_depth(&self) {
+        self.queue_depth.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    }
+}
+
 struct Inner {
     /// State shared between worker threads.
     shared: Mutex<Shared>,
@@ -47,12 +95,13 @@ struct Inner {
 
     // Customizable wait timeout.
     keep_alive: Duration,
+
+    // Metrics about the pool.
+    metrics: SpawnerMetrics,
 }
 
 struct Shared {
     queue: VecDeque<Task>,
-    num_th: usize,
-    num_idle: u32,
     num_notify: u32,
     shutdown: bool,
     shutdown_tx: Option<shutdown::Sender>,
@@ -165,8 +214,6 @@ impl BlockingPool {
                 inner: Arc::new(Inner {
                     shared: Mutex::new(Shared {
                         queue: VecDeque::new(),
-                        num_th: 0,
-                        num_idle: 0,
                         num_notify: 0,
                         shutdown: false,
                         shutdown_tx: Some(shutdown_tx),
@@ -181,6 +228,7 @@ impl BlockingPool {
                     before_stop: builder.before_stop.clone(),
                     thread_cap,
                     keep_alive,
+                    metrics: Default::default(),
                 }),
             },
             shutdown_rx,
@@ -350,11 +398,12 @@ impl Spawner {
         }
 
         shared.queue.push_back(task);
+        self.inner.metrics.inc_queue_depth();
 
-        if shared.num_idle == 0 {
+        if self.inner.metrics.num_idle_threads() == 0 {
             // No threads are able to process the task.
 
-            if shared.num_th == self.inner.thread_cap {
+            if self.inner.metrics.num_threads() == self.inner.thread_cap {
                 // At max number of threads
             } else {
                 assert!(shared.shutdown_tx.is_some());
@@ -365,11 +414,14 @@ impl Spawner {
 
                     match self.spawn_thread(shutdown_tx, rt, id) {
                         Ok(handle) => {
-                            shared.num_th += 1;
+                            self.inner.metrics.inc_num_threads();
                             shared.worker_thread_index += 1;
                             shared.worker_threads.insert(id, handle);
                         }
-                        Err(ref e) if is_temporary_os_thread_error(e) && shared.num_th > 0 => {
+                        Err(ref e)
+                            if is_temporary_os_thread_error(e)
+                                && self.inner.metrics.num_threads() > 0 =>
+                        {
                             // OS temporarily failed to spawn a new thread.
                             // The task will be picked up eventually by a currently
                             // busy thread.
@@ -388,7 +440,7 @@ impl Spawner {
             // exactly. Thread libraries may generate spurious
             // wakeups, this counter is used to keep us in a
             // consistent state.
-            shared.num_idle -= 1;
+            self.inner.metrics.dec_num_idle_threads();
             shared.num_notify += 1;
             self.inner.condvar.notify_one();
         }
@@ -419,6 +471,22 @@ impl Spawner {
     }
 }
 
+cfg_metrics! {
+    impl Spawner {
+        pub(crate) fn num_threads(&self) -> usize {
+            self.inner.metrics.num_threads()
+        }
+
+        pub(crate) fn num_idle_threads(&self) -> usize {
+            self.inner.metrics.num_idle_threads()
+        }
+
+        pub(crate) fn queue_depth(&self) -> usize {
+            self.inner.metrics.queue_depth()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 // Tells whether the error when spawning a thread is temporary.
 #[inline]
 fn is_temporary_os_thread_error(error: &std::io::Error) -> bool {
@@ -437,6 +505,7 @@ impl Inner {
         'main: loop {
             // BUSY
             while let Some(task) = shared.queue.pop_front() {
+                self.metrics.dec_queue_depth();
                 drop(shared);
                 task.run();
 
@@ -444,7 +513,7 @@ impl Inner {
             }
 
             // IDLE
-            shared.num_idle += 1;
+            self.metrics.inc_num_idle_threads();
 
             while !shared.shutdown {
                 let lock_result = self.condvar.wait_timeout(shared, self.keep_alive).unwrap();
@@ -478,6 +547,7 @@ impl Inner {
             if shared.shutdown {
                 // Drain the queue
                 while let Some(task) = shared.queue.pop_front() {
+                    self.metrics.dec_queue_depth();
                     drop(shared);
 
                     task.shutdown_or_run_if_mandatory();
@@ -488,7 +558,7 @@ impl Inner {
                 // Work was produced, and we "took" it (by decrementing num_notify).
                 // This means that num_idle was decremented once for our wakeup.
                 // But, since we are exiting, we need to "undo" that, as we'll stay idle.
-                shared.num_idle += 1;
+                self.metrics.inc_num_idle_threads();
                 // NOTE: Technically we should also do num_notify++ and notify again,
                 // but since we're shutting down anyway, that won't be necessary.
                 break;
@@ -496,17 +566,17 @@ impl Inner {
         }
 
         // Thread exit
-        shared.num_th -= 1;
+        self.metrics.dec_num_threads();
 
         // num_idle should now be tracked exactly, panic
         // with a descriptive message if it is not the
         // case.
-        shared.num_idle = shared
+        let prev_idle = self.metrics.dec_num_idle_threads();
-            .num_idle
+        if prev_idle < self.metrics.num_idle_threads() {
-            .checked_sub(1)
+            panic!("num_idle_threads underflowed on thread exit")
-            .expect("num_idle underflowed on thread exit");
+        }
 
-        if shared.shutdown && shared.num_th == 0 {
+        if shared.shutdown && self.metrics.num_threads() == 0 {
             self.condvar.notify_one();
         }
 

tokio/src/runtime/metrics/runtime.rs

@@ -42,6 +42,56 @@ impl RuntimeMetrics {
         self.handle.inner.num_workers()
     }
 
+    /// Returns the number of additional threads spawned by the runtime.
+    ///
+    /// The number of workers is set by configuring `max_blocking_threads` on
+    /// `runtime::Builder`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use tokio::runtime::Handle;
+    ///
+    /// #[tokio::main]
+    /// async fn main() {
+    ///     let _ = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
+    ///         // Stand-in for compute-heavy work or using synchronous APIs
+    ///         1 + 1
+    ///     }).await;
+    ///     let metrics = Handle::current().metrics();
+    ///
+    ///     let n = metrics.num_blocking_threads();
+    ///     println!("Runtime has created {} threads", n);
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn num_blocking_threads(&self) -> usize {
+        self.handle.inner.num_blocking_threads()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the number of idle threads, which hve spawned by the runtime
+    /// for `spawn_blocking` calls.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use tokio::runtime::Handle;
+    ///
+    /// #[tokio::main]
+    /// async fn main() {
+    ///     let _ = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
+    ///         // Stand-in for compute-heavy work or using synchronous APIs
+    ///         1 + 1
+    ///     }).await;
+    ///     let metrics = Handle::current().metrics();
+    ///
+    ///     let n = metrics.num_idle_blocking_threads();
+    ///     println!("Runtime has {} idle blocking thread pool threads", n);
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn num_idle_blocking_threads(&self) -> usize {
+        self.handle.inner.num_idle_blocking_threads()
+    }
+
     /// Returns the number of tasks scheduled from **outside** of the runtime.
     ///
     /// The remote schedule count starts at zero when the runtime is created and
@@ -446,6 +496,30 @@ impl RuntimeMetrics {
     pub fn worker_local_queue_depth(&self, worker: usize) -> usize {
         self.handle.inner.worker_local_queue_depth(worker)
     }
+
+    /// Returns the number of tasks currently scheduled in the blocking
+    /// thread pool, spawned using `spawn_blocking`.
+    ///
+    /// This metric returns the **current** number of tasks pending in
+    /// blocking thread pool. As such, the returned value may increase
+    /// or decrease as new tasks are scheduled and processed.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use tokio::runtime::Handle;
+    ///
+    /// #[tokio::main]
+    /// async fn main() {
+    ///     let metrics = Handle::current().metrics();
+    ///
+    ///     let n = metrics.blocking_queue_depth();
+    ///     println!("{} tasks currently pending in the blocking thread pool", n);
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn blocking_queue_depth(&self) -> usize {
+        self.handle.inner.blocking_queue_depth()
+    }
 }
 
 cfg_net! {

tokio/src/runtime/scheduler/current_thread.rs

@@ -428,6 +428,18 @@ cfg_metrics! {
             assert_eq!(0, worker);
             &self.shared.worker_metrics
         }
+
+        pub(crate) fn num_blocking_threads(&self) -> usize {
+            self.blocking_spawner.num_threads()
+        }
+
+        pub(crate) fn num_idle_blocking_threads(&self) -> usize {
+            self.blocking_spawner.num_idle_threads()
+        }
+
+        pub(crate) fn blocking_queue_depth(&self) -> usize {
+            self.blocking_spawner.queue_depth()
+        }
     }
 }
 

tokio/src/runtime/scheduler/mod.rs

@@ -111,6 +111,22 @@ cfg_rt! {
                 }
             }
 
+            pub(crate) fn num_blocking_threads(&self) -> usize {
+                match self {
+                    Handle::CurrentThread(handle) => handle.num_blocking_threads(),
+                    #[cfg(all(feature = "rt-multi-thread", not(tokio_wasi)))]
+                    Handle::MultiThread(handle) => handle.num_blocking_threads(),
+                }
+            }
+
+            pub(crate) fn num_idle_blocking_threads(&self) -> usize {
+                match self {
+                    Handle::CurrentThread(handle) => handle.num_idle_blocking_threads(),
+                    #[cfg(all(feature = "rt-multi-thread", not(tokio_wasi)))]
+                    Handle::MultiThread(handle) => handle.num_idle_blocking_threads(),
+                }
+            }
+
             pub(crate) fn scheduler_metrics(&self) -> &SchedulerMetrics {
                 match self {
                     Handle::CurrentThread(handle) => handle.scheduler_metrics(),
@@ -142,6 +158,14 @@ cfg_rt! {
                     Handle::MultiThread(handle) => handle.worker_local_queue_depth(worker),
                 }
             }
+
+            pub(crate) fn blocking_queue_depth(&self) -> usize {
+                match self {
+                    Handle::CurrentThread(handle) => handle.blocking_queue_depth(),
+                    #[cfg(all(feature = "rt-multi-thread", not(tokio_wasi)))]
+                    Handle::MultiThread(handle) => handle.blocking_queue_depth(),
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 }

tokio/src/runtime/scheduler/multi_thread/handle.rs

@@ -61,6 +61,14 @@ cfg_metrics! {
             self.shared.worker_metrics.len()
         }
 
+        pub(crate) fn num_blocking_threads(&self) -> usize {
+            self.blocking_spawner.num_threads()
+        }
+
+        pub(crate) fn num_idle_blocking_threads(&self) -> usize {
+            self.blocking_spawner.num_idle_threads()
+        }
+
         pub(crate) fn scheduler_metrics(&self) -> &SchedulerMetrics {
             &self.shared.scheduler_metrics
         }
@@ -76,6 +84,10 @@ cfg_metrics! {
         pub(crate) fn worker_local_queue_depth(&self, worker: usize) -> usize {
             self.shared.worker_local_queue_depth(worker)
         }
+
+        pub(crate) fn blocking_queue_depth(&self) -> usize {
+            self.blocking_spawner.queue_depth()
+        }
     }
 }
 

tokio/tests/rt_metrics.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #![warn(rust_2018_idioms)]
 #![cfg(all(feature = "full", tokio_unstable, not(tokio_wasi)))]
 
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+
 use tokio::runtime::Runtime;
 use tokio::time::{self, Duration};
 
@@ -13,6 +15,55 @@ fn num_workers() {
     assert_eq!(2, rt.metrics().num_workers());
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn num_blocking_threads() {
+    let rt = current_thread();
+    assert_eq!(0, rt.metrics().num_blocking_threads());
+    let _ = rt.block_on(rt.spawn_blocking(move || {}));
+    assert_eq!(1, rt.metrics().num_blocking_threads());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn num_idle_blocking_threads() {
+    let rt = current_thread();
+    assert_eq!(0, rt.metrics().num_idle_blocking_threads());
+    let _ = rt.block_on(rt.spawn_blocking(move || {}));
+    rt.block_on(async {
+        time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5)).await;
+    });
+    assert_eq!(1, rt.metrics().num_idle_blocking_threads());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn blocking_queue_depth() {
+    let rt = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_current_thread()
+        .enable_all()
+        .max_blocking_threads(1)
+        .build()
+        .unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(0, rt.metrics().blocking_queue_depth());
+
+    let ready = Arc::new(Mutex::new(()));
+    let guard = ready.lock().unwrap();
+
+    let ready_cloned = ready.clone();
+    let wait_until_ready = move || {
+        let _unused = ready_cloned.lock().unwrap();
+    };
+
+    let h1 = rt.spawn_blocking(wait_until_ready.clone());
+    let h2 = rt.spawn_blocking(wait_until_ready);
+    assert!(rt.metrics().blocking_queue_depth() > 0);
+
+    drop(guard);
+
+    let _ = rt.block_on(h1);
+    let _ = rt.block_on(h2);
+
+    assert_eq!(0, rt.metrics().blocking_queue_depth());
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn remote_schedule_count() {
     use std::thread;