The rustc AST allows both `for<>` binders and `?` polarity
modifiers in trait bounds, but they are parsed in a specific
order and validated for correctness:
1. `for<>` binder is parsed first.
2. Polarity modifiers (`?`, `!`) are parsed second.
3. The parser validates that binders and polarity modifiers
do not conflict:
```rust
if let Some(binder_span) = binder_span {
match modifiers.polarity {
BoundPolarity::Maybe(polarity_span) => {
// Error: "for<...> binder not allowed with ? polarity"
}
}
}
```
This implies:
- `for<> ?Sized` → Valid syntax. Invalid semantics.
- `?for<> Sized` → Invalid syntax.
However, rust-analyzer incorrectly had special-case logic that
allowed `?for<>` as valid syntax. This fix removes that incorrect
special case, making rust-analyzer reject `?for<> Sized` as a
syntax error, matching rustc behavior.
This has caused confusion in other crates (such as syn) which
rely on these files to implement correct syntax evaluation.
Implement `stability_implications` without a visitor.
Since https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/143845, the `Annotator` visitor was a no-op when the crate is not staged_api. This PR avoids using a visitor altogether, making `stability_implications` truly a no-op in most cases.
Refactor codegen backends in bootstrap
This PR refactors the codegen backend steps, in preparation to make more progress on the integration of the GCC codegen backend in bootstrap. It does several things:
1) Splits the `CodegenBackend` step into two, one for clif and another one for gcc. Even though their code is mostly similar, that's IMO mostly fake similarity, and they do (or will) ultimately require different handling. This was already visible in the requirement of building GCC for cg_gcc, of course.
2) It is now possible to build both backends (and dist cranelift) even if they are not specified in `rust.codegen-backends`. It was quite weird that it wasn't possible to even invoke the corresponding codegen backend if the backend wasn't specified in that array, as that array should ideally only change defaults (see later below).
3) Changes the path specification of these steps to an alias. In other words, instead of `compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift`, the step is now built only using `rustc_codegen_cranelift` or `cg_clif`. This is done to avoid an annoying clash with `x build compiler`, which would otherwise build both codegen backends after the 2) change.
4) Made the copying of codegen backend artifacts more explicit, in particular in the `Assemble` step.
5) Codifies the semantics of `rust.codegen-backends`, which now only affects the defaults of whether a codegen backend will be included in rustc's sysroot and whether it will be disted in `x dist` by default. We can change the behavior later, e.g. to dist cranelift by default in `x dist` once it becomes stabilized. Currently I left the existing behavior that we use on CI, I just tried to document it better.
I don't think that this requires a change tracker entry, because the defaults should work the same as before. It is just now possible to do `x build/dist rustc_codegen_cranelift` even if CLIF is not in the `codegen-backends` array. It is no longer possible to do `./x build compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift` though, not sure if that requires a change tracker entry.
There is one thing that I didn't touch yet, and that is the fact that `rust.codegen-backends` not only affects the default behavior of `x dist` w.r.t. Cranelift, but also of `x test`. In other words, `x test rustc_codegen_cranelift` still does not hing if cranelift isn't in `rust.codegen-backends`. I plan to take a look at this once I get to refactoring the test steps.
r? `@jieyouxu`
Reimplement `print_region` in `type_name.rs`.
Broken by rust-lang/rust#144776; this is reachable after all.
Fixesrust-lang/rust#144994.
The commit also adds a lot more cases to the `type-name-basic.rs`, because it's currently very anaemic. This includes some cases where region omission does very badly; these are marked with FIXME.
r? `@fmease`
Update books
## rust-lang/book
5 commits in b2d1a0821e12a676b496d61891b8e3d374a8e832..3e9dc46aa563ca0c53ec826c41b05f10c5915925
2025-08-02 01:33:29 UTC to 2025-07-14 21:23:38 UTC
- Appendix B and Appendix D from tech review (rust-lang/book#4466)
- Chapter 21 from tech review (rust-lang/book#4464)
- Chapter 20 from tech review (rust-lang/book#4460)
- Chapter 19 from tech review (rust-lang/book#4446)
- Chapter 18 from tech review (rust-lang/book#4445)
## rust-lang/reference
12 commits in 1f45bd41fa6c17b7c048ed6bfe5f168c4311206a..1be151c051a082b542548c62cafbcb055fa8944f
2025-08-05 19:51:40 UTC to 2025-07-14 19:49:01 UTC
- Fix build output directory in README (rust-lang/reference#1950)
- Update `link_name` to use the attribute template (rust-lang/reference#1896)
- Update `no_link` to use the attribute template (rust-lang/reference#1898)
- Update `proc_macro_derive` to use the attribute template (rust-lang/reference#1888)
- Update `automatically_derived` to use the attribute template (rust-lang/reference#1884)
- Update `derive` to use the attribute template (rust-lang/reference#1883)
- Fix and clarify CR LF normalization and CR in string literals (rust-lang/reference#1944)
- glossary.md: tweak description of "dispatch" (rust-lang/reference#1938)
- add missing id, r[asm.operand-type.supported-operands.const] (rust-lang/reference#1939)
- &str and &[u8] have the same layout (rust-lang/reference#1848)
- Rename and rewrite the "question mark operator" (rust-lang/reference#1931)
- Change "allocated object" to "allocation". (rust-lang/reference#1930)
## rust-lang/rust-by-example
3 commits in e386be5f44af711854207c11fdd61bb576270b04..bd1279cdc9865bfff605e741fb76a0b2f07314a7
2025-08-04 13:41:04 UTC to 2025-08-02 15:41:59 UTC
- Improve the activity instructions in `print_display` (rust-lang/rust-by-example#1948)
- Minor fixes (whitespace, typo, i32->u32) (rust-lang/rust-by-example#1947)
- Document drawbacks of alternatives to match binding (rust-lang/rust-by-example#1946)
bootstrap: refactor mingw dist and fix gnullvm
Fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/144533
The first two commits are NFC and only clean up the code, paving the way for the third commit. That said, I think they are worthwhile even without that fix - reusing the same function for two different outcomes was confusing.
The third commit is the fix for https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/144533, but due to the cross-compilation dance it requires a workaround to find the DLL since that logic really was meant only for Windows builders. That workaround is short-lived and will be removed as soon as gnullvm bootstraps itself.
Additional tce tests
r? `@oli-obk`
Adds known-bug tests for LLVM emissions regarding indirect operands for TCE. Also includes a test, `indexer.rs`, referring to function_table behavior described by the RFC.
Depends on rust-lang/rust#144232Closesrust-lang/rust#144293
Allow `cargo fix` to partially apply `mismatched_lifetime_syntaxes`
Workaround for https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/144588#issuecomment-3128445308
Not all suggestions have to be hidden from `cargo fix`, only redundant ones. The redundant ones are already hidden from the user, so the same `tool_only` flag can be used to hide them from `cargo fix`. This way `cargo fix` will be able to correctly apply the fixes, and will apply only the fix that the compiler visibly suggests to the user.
Address libunwind.a inconsistency issues in the bootstrap program
We noticed when building rustc multiple time in a roll, some files will not be consistent across the build despite the fact that they are built from same source under the same environment. This patch addresses the inconsistency issue we found on libunwind.a, by sorting the order of the files passed to the linker.
Upgrade semicolon_in_expressions_from_macros from warn to deny
This is already warn-by-default, and a future compatibility warning (FCW) that warns in dependencies. Upgrade it to deny-by-default, as the next step towards hard error.
Per https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/79813#issuecomment-3109105631
